- Kingston usb write protected remove Members Online Is there any prep work that I need to do to my USB drive before flashing? May 31, 2014 · After loading files if your USB Memory Stick drive letter is (G) for example then write as; C:\windows\system32>G: and press enter; G:>format G: and press enter; If ask you (Y/N) then press (Y) and press enter; Now a full format will start which remove write protection from USB Memory Stick. As mentioned above, Kingston Format Utility fails to format because the USB drive is write-protected. write) to files instead of just view (i. 00 Current Speed: High Speed Max Current: 200mA USB Device ID: VID = 0930 PID = 6545 Serial Number: 001CC0EC3450ED3167140119 Device Vendor Feb 28, 2020 · Hi I used my usb flash drive for ReadyBoost, but now the flash drive became useless. Format your Kingston USB: Formatting your Kingston USB can help remove any write protection that may be on it. If the issue is only occurring on one computer it could have to do with the security or registry settings of that machine but if it is happening on multiple machines there is more likely an issue with the USB drive. Kingston USB Flash Drive Not Showing Up: How to Fix Oct 29, 2023 · Use CMD to Remove Write Protection: You can also use the Command Prompt to remove the write protection from your Kingston USB drive. Method 1. However, if we are talking Aug 19, 2019 · i have run into these problem a few times already. Write-protection can prevent you from modifying or transferring data on your storage devices, but with the right techniques, you can easily remove this restriction. You’ll also lose access to your Kingston pen drive data when you see the message The disk is write-protected . Is the USB Drive Write Protected or Corrupted? You cannot wipe a write-protected USB, as you can format a normal USB drive—there's a different approach to do that. We are going to re After loading files if your flash drive drive letter is (G) for example then write as C:\windows\system32>G: and press enter G:>format G: and press enter If ask you (Y/N) then press (Y) and press enter Now a full format will start which remove write protection from USB e) After loading files if your USB Memory Stick drive letter is (G) for example then write as f) C:\windows\system32>G: and press enter g) G:\>format G: and press enter h) If ask you (Y/N) then press (Y) and press enter i) Now a full format will start which remove write protection from USB Memory Stick. The easiest way to remove write protection from USB → https://bit. Close Regedit and restart your computer. Dec 25, 2020 · Learn how to unlock write-protected USB drives, memory cards (The disk is write-protected), or hard disks in Windows 10, 8, or 7 with our essential guide. Hsu Linn - Jan 10, 2014 at 01:36 AM Unable to remove write protect from Kingston pen drive. The second method is to use a command prompt. You can’t disable the write protection on your USB drive for several reasons. The windows promotes to format but give message 'The disk is write protected'. Via DISKPART 3. . Select "Control Panel" > "Administrative Tools" > "Disk Management. This all-in-one data recovery software makes retrieving lost photos, documents, videos, and more easy. Insert the USB drive into the USB port on your computer. To remove the write protection from a Kingston USB flash drive, follow these steps: 1. Method 3: Try Regedit to Unlock Write-protected USB Drive. ” 4. You can now change the Value data from 1 to 0. Check for a Write Protection Switch. Apr 22, 2024 · USB write protected, or the disk is write protected? Here get the best write protected USB format tool & write protection removal software to easily remove write protection on a Kingston USB flash drive in Windows 10,8 and 7. Then click OK to save the change. g. Connect the Kingston USB to your Mac. Dec 12, 2024 · In this part, we'll show you how to remove write protection from a flash drive. the NAND becoming unreadable altogether. akeo. 0 write protection remove - Best answers; Kingstone data Traveler 32gb is write protected - Pen Drive, USB & SD Card Forum; How to remove write-protection of USB - Pen Drive, USB & SD Card Forum; Unable to remove write protect from Kingston pen drive - Pen Drive, USB Unfortunately this unit does not have any security or write protection feature. So, you can try to remove the write protection first and then perform a format with Kingston Format Utility. Connect your USB drive again and, with a bit of luck, you should find it is no longer write protected. Via Registry (Changing the StorageDevicePolicies - > Write value to 0). … Type attributes disk clear readonly and press Enter. Chances are that 99% write protection on a USB flash drive, pen drive and SD card comes from the physical lock and virtual attribute change. I used it once to transfer some files and now it is in write protected. Check whether the write protection switch on your Kingston USB is in the unlocked position. It cleans your USB and removes. To format a Kingston USB write protected, you can use the command เลื่อนสวิตช์ที่ไดรฟ์ USB. ly/3zRYJ8J👉 Method 1: Using Oct 29, 2024 · How to Remove Write Protection from Pen Drive. Different methods for PNY USB flash drive write-protected errors will be illustrated in the following parts. The KP200 incorporates XTS-AES 256-bit hardware-based encryption. Apr 14, 2014 · If you are still facing the issue, then, you can remove write protection from the USB flash drive using the below steps: a. How To Fix Kingston Usb Flash Drive Write Protected. How To Disable Write Protection On Kingston Usb Drive. Nov 23, 2024 · Start editing stored files and other items by disabling write protectionThis wikiHow article teaches you how to remove write protection from a file or removable storage item, which will allow you to edit the file or item's contents. 3- Third-party tools like EaseUs. 0) Device Type: Mass Storage Device Protocal Version: USB 2. Right-click on the Kingston USB and select “Properties. If formatting doesn‘t work, try using a different USB port or a different computer. For example, SanDisk customer support says: Write protection errors occur when a flash drive detects a potential fault within itself. e. Jun 15, 2023 · Why Can’t I Remove Write-Protection on USB. Apr 5, 2024 · Insert and switch the USB drive into your Windows or Mac device. You can try running a virus scan, check and make sure the device is not full, turn off read-only status for the file, use diskpart, edit the windows registry and format the It works as a write-protected USB format tool, allowing you to format a Kingston pen drive and remove the write protection with ease. The drive will go into write-protected mode to prevent data loss. Disabling write protection allows you to make changes (i. Here is just a short list of the methods that have NOT worked 1. Feb 5, 2012 · When the switch in the reader is open, write-protect is off, when it is closed (by being pressed upon the the tab on the card) write protect is on. read) them. Dec 16, 2024 · This will remove the Write Protection from your selected USB Drive. Now try to plug in your unlocked USB Drive and see if it works. To do this, download and install the tool, go to the Toolkit section, click “Write Protection”, and select your write-protected USB, USB external disk, or SD card. Everytime I go to put something on my USB Flash Drive I get a message saying: "The disk is write protected" -- Remove the write protection or use another disk. Sep 12, 2023 · NTFS (NTFS File System) In the Properties window, click the Security tab. Right-click on it and click Properties. It went into read only mode (write protected) and i just cant r Apr 28, 2024 · How Do I Fix A Kingston Flash Drive That Is Write-protected? If your Kingston flash drive is write-protected, there are a few steps you can take to try and resolve the issue. Oct 24, 2023 · How To Format Kingston Usb Write Protected: A Simple Guide Uncover The Hidden Truth: How To Check The Serial Number On Your Kingston Usb How To Overclock Kingston Ram: A Step-by-step Guide Lalu, klik kanan pada ikon aplikasi USB Write Protected dan pilihlah Run as administrator. If you receive a write protection message with this drive, check for the following: Verify that you are allowed to write to removable storage devices. today it gives a massage that Cannot delete file: The disk is write-protected. n this post, we will share the best Kingston USB write protected removal software to help you remove write protection from USB drives in Windows 11/10/8/7. To do this, open Command Prompt as an administrator and type “attributes disk clear readonly”. Even if the write protection utility is an excellent way to protect data Sep 15, 2019 · Hello ,I have a kingston datatraveler 100 g3 usb flash drive that everytime i try to copy files it says : disk write protected. Go to My Computer/This PC and under Devices with Removable Storage, look for your pen drive device. I cannot actually trace the exact reason for the same. The general procedure to reprogram your USB Flash Drive to add/remove write protection is as follows: Nov 8, 2011 · I just bought an 8 gb Kingston data traveler 101 usb. We are going to re Dec 26, 2023 · 2. For home or individually-owned PCs, Write permission is always active via Group or user names: Everyone. remove the write-protected or use another disk. Oct 22, 2024 · Hello , I have a usb flash drive of capacity 32 gb . " Dec 17, 2023 · Best Methods to Remove Write Protection on a USB Stick. ; In the Permissions window, click the Everyone entry, if not already selected. I tried formatting from file explorer, and from the software,ram the deep Scab but it’s the same. 3. I can't format, delete or write anything; only copy the current files on the device. going to Nov 2, 2023 · Depending upon the age (and the number of writes) of the USB drive, they eventually stop being able to be written to and become read only I would try the device on another computer, if it still remains read-only then its time to get a new one! Oct 11, 2023 · Method 2. However I have tried many ways of removing the write protection. Dec 17, 2013 · However this procedure varies for all USB Flash Drives. By right-clicking on the disk, you can choose "Properties", and then select "Security". " Select the micro SD drive and click "Delete. Update your drivers: Outdated or corrupted drivers can cause issues with your Kingston USB. ie/ With the default settings do a Quick Format with the USB that Apple won't let you do anything with. The steps are listed as follows: Open Run box by pressing Windows + R simultaneously. " I tried to remove the copied files or format the flash disk but to no avail. Some of these include: 🧰 Physical damage: The write protection switch on your USB drive is especially susceptible to physical damage as it is a moving part. In the Properties window, click on the “Security” tab. My Kingston USB drive got write protected somehow. Reddit is my final resort before I have to waste a basically empty USB. I can copy the How to remove the write protection in kingston pen - Hardware Forum Kingston datatraveler 100 g3 write protected - Pen Drive, USB & SD Card Forum Unable to format kingston data traveler 128gb - Phones, PDA & GPS Forum Welcome to the largest community for Microsoft Windows 10, the world's most popular computer operating system! This is not a tech support subreddit, use r/WindowsHelp or r/TechSupport to get help with your PC Oct 27, 2023 · Removal of write protection with the Diskpart utility; Removal of protection by software from third parties; How to remove write protection from a single file; What to do if important data was lost; Mechanical write protection. 2. Right Click on Start. There's a simpler alternative to Command Prompt if you want to unlock your Write Protected May 13, 2022 · Here's how to format your write-protected USB flash drive and start using it again. Jun 30, 2020 · Option One: Enable or Disable Write Protection for USB Drive or Memory Card with Physical Switch; Option Two: Enable or Disable Write Access for All Removable Disks in Group Policy; Option Three: Enable or Disable Write Protection for Disk using Diskpart Command; Option Four: Enable or Disable Write Protection for USB Drives using a REG file If there isn't a physical write-protect tab on the flash drive, this can happen for a number of other reasons. Summary: This article is focusing on how to remove usb write protected problem with free usb format tool if you cannot format your kingston, sandisk cruzer or any other brand usb/pendrive when you are asking how do I remove write protection from a usb drive in Windows 10/8/7. … Type select disk . How To Remove Kingston Usb Write Protection. but my Pen drive do not have a write-protected lock. If anyone else has used this USB and knows where the switch is, please let me know. Flash storage, like USB flash drives, SD cards, and SSD's, can become write protected at the hardware / controller level when they die. If using a different port or device Dec 17, 2022 · How to Remove Write Protection from USB Drive in WindowsSo you have a USB or Micro SD write-protected in Windows 10 or Windows 11 I will show you how to remo Jun 4, 2024 · This means that they cannot add or remove files from the drive. Remove the write-protection or use another disk. Apr 28, 2024 · Hi, I have a kingston usb flash drive datatraveler G4 64GB and out of the blue this drive is always popping up the "disc write protected error". All the solutions apply to PNY 64GB flash drive write-protected problem as well. Here’s a detailed guide on how to disable write protection. How to Remove USB Write Protection on macOS (Bonus) Apr 27, 2012 · Hello, i am the owner of this USB device, how can I manage to remove the write protect of my USB? Thank You, please email us your answer as soon as possible thanks Jun 27, 2024 · After downloading and installing the formatting tool, you can format the write-protected USB by following the instructions. You The Kingston IronKey™ Keypad 200 series is an OS-independent hardware-encrypted USB drive with an alphanumeric keypad for easy-to-use PIN access. Booting into safe mode and then May 27, 2023 · Change Pen Drive Read-Write Properties. How do I change this (disable the write protection). In Disk Utility, select the Kingston USB from the list of drives on the Nov 19, 2024 · Here are the main reasons why Kingston DT50 became write-protected: Physical write-protection switch: Some USB drives have a physical switch that can be toggled to enable or disable write protection. I've tried various methods I have found across a few websites that supposedly fi Jan 19, 2022 · Disable write protection using command line (CMD) Connect your write protected SD card to your computer. Open Command Prompt as an administrator by searching for “cmd” in the Windows search bar and right-clicking on the Command Prompt icon to select “Run as administrator. How to remove write-protection of USB. Selesai! Kini flashdisk Anda sudah berhasil diperbaiki. 2- Tried connecting to different PCs and different ports. Dushyant - Nov 4, 2017 at 02:26 AM Apr 18, 2022 · Frequently Asked Questions About Hard Disk Write Protection If your USB stick, SD card or hard disk is normally write protected, you can easily remove the write protection. Close the Command Prompt window once the process is completed. To turn off write protection on a Kingston USB drive, follow these steps: 1. Remove without reformatting: Oct 1, 2014 · To lock write-protect usb: reg add "HKLM\SYSTEM\ControlSet001\Control\StorageDevicePolicies" /v WriteProtect /t REG_DWORD /d 1 /f For the changes to take effect, you must restart the PC and / or disconnect the USB storage device and reconnect it. Apr 30, 2013 · Plop your USB in a Windows machine, download and instal Rufus. Jul 25, 2022 · Double-click on the WriteProtect value in the right-hand pane. ; Click the Edit button below the Group or user names section. Tails is a live operating system aimed at protecting your privacy and anonymity that you can start on almost any computer from a USB stick or a DVD. Nov 20, 2013 · here is my usb drive settings from the Chip Genius software: Kingston DT101G2 64GB Description: [E:]USB Mass Storage Device(Kingston DataTraveler 2. com Apr 4, 2024 · How To Fix Kingston Usb Flash Drive Write Protected. Is there any kingston usb write protect removal tool that can remove write protection on kingston usb? How can I remove write protection from my Kingston pen drive? YES, you may remove kingston usb write protect with Windows diskpart CMD for free. 4. My Sandisk 128gb usb suddenly got write protection. the pesky write protection completely. We are going to r Nov 16, 2023 · How To Remove Kingston Usb Write Protection. Press Windows key + X, type regedit and press E nter. There may be a security setting in the OS that disables write access to removable storage devices. May 10, 2023 · How to Remove Write Protection from USB Using these 5 Methods. First, try using a different USB port or device to see if the write-protection is being caused by the port or device you are using. Aug 16, 2024 · How do I remove write protect from Kingston USB? EaseUS Partition Master is a tool that can help users remove write protection from their Kingston DT50 USB drive. For Windows users, open “Run,” type “Diskpart,” and press enter. Usually this is triggered by degraded NAND flash. Thanks for any help. Sep 10, 2024 · Fix #5 kingston flash drive write protect removal formatting tool. And here are the steps. You will need a Windows computer and a USB drive that is compatible with Apr 28, 2024 · Well, don’t worry, it’s a common issue, and there are several ways to remove write protection from your Kingston USB flash drive. 0 pen drive was working fine till yesterday. Most Mass Production tools are used to repair USB Flash Drives or to add or remove CDFS Partition; Some of these MP Tools can also be used to add/remove write protection. If this switch is in the locked position, the drive will be write-protected. This is a public user-to-user support forum. 6 gb) I bought it from a shop and is write protected by default. Insert the flash drive into a USB port on your computer. I was able to put files on it last night (video files) to watch on my TV, now I can't do anything. Via Disk Management from my computer 4. 1. How to remove write protection from pendrive kingston Datatraveler G4 with Controller Vendor Phison PS2251-07 using our effective method D-Tech Solution. We’ll cover how to check the write protection status, the reasons a drive may be write-protected, how to disable protection, and troubleshooting tips. 5. 1- I could not find any physical switch on the USB itself that I could've accidentally turned on to make it write-protected. windows format 2. Hence, this shouldn’t stop you from writing something on a removable disk. After successfully transferred around 650 mb of files, the rest did not copied to the flash disk. Di akhir, cukup klik disable pada bagian USB Device Write Protection. While in my mad researching I was told some reasons why the USB may be write protected is because a application may have turned it on or a virus. See full list on diskpart. This will open the registry editor. ถ้าไดรฟ์ USB ที่ใช้ มีสวิตช์ write-protection ข้างๆ ลองเช็คดู อาจจะเลื่อนผิดตำแหน่งอยู่ (ล็อคไว้) ให้เลื่อนสวิตช์ก่อนทำขั้นตอนต่อไป Sep 18, 2023 · You can try toggling the lock switch on your storage device or use the DiskPart utility to disable the read-only attribute and clear the write protection. It has been divided in two partitions namely Audio Vol 1 (697 mb) and Video Vol 2 (28. Remove the write protection or use another disk" hoặc thông báo tương tự không cho phép xem, sửa hay xóa các dữ liệu trong USB của mình. 0 Flash-drive using the exFAT file system, which for some strange reason became write protected after I used it to transfer some files to my friends computer. – Dec 10, 2024 · The Kingston USB drive is write-protected: In this case, the USB drive cannot be accessed. Remove the Write Protected on the USB Drive. Mar 5, 2023 · Yesterday I copied some files in the USB, closed the windows and did the safe removal, but since it was not showing the "Safe to remove hardware" message I refreshed the command after some seconds, then two "Safe to remove hardware" messages popped up one right after the other. … Type diskpart and hit Enter. To remove write protection from a Kingston USB, follow these steps: 1. This is a flash drive I purchased a few years ago now, and its been serving me well for a while, but a few days ago I was doing a full format of it when it suddenly errored halfway through and permanently stuck itself into being write-protected (please note there is no physical switch to toggle said write-protection). Malware or virus infection: Many malicious software or viruses can May 10, 2024 · This can be a frustrating problem, but fortunately, there are a few simple steps you can take to remove write protection from your Kingston USB drive. Plop your USB back in your Mac and erase and normal functionality is restored. I'm a user like you helping other Forum discussion: I just bought a 128 GB Kingston DataTraveler Exodia M USB Flash Drive from The Source in the Cat Center. Nov 15, 2023 · How Do I Remove The Write Protection From My Kingston Usb? 1. It shows write protection message whenever I try to copy some files in it. Removing one or both of the switches metal arms will permanently disable write-protect on the reader. Nov 15, 2023 · What is the Cause of Kingston USB Flash Drive Write Protect Problem? This problem can be caused by various factors such as a virus or malware infection, hardware failure, or accidental changes to the flash drive’s write protection settings. Dec 20, 2020 · Datatraveler 100 g3 write protected - Best answers; Kingston datatraveler 3. I searched for a while and found several solutions that didn't work. Jun 2, 2014 · my kingston 16gb USB 3. Jan 9, 2018 · Hi, I have a kingston usb flash drive datatraveler G4 64GB and out of the blue this drive is always popping up the 'disc write protected error'. You’ll find it in the Utilities folder inside the Applications folder. Type list disk and hit Enter. Open Disk Utility. If it is write protected then it's the companies problem because this is usually fixed when you try and delete a drive, If you still have the box with the usb then your lucky because it comes with 3 years warranty so you can just send it back and ask them for another one because my usb is from kingston and they gave me a 3 year warranty with it and if you wanted to know what my USB model is Dec 29, 2018 · I run Windows 10 and here is my problem that started today. It said: "The disk is write-protected. Manufacturers no longer use hardware write protection on flash drives for quite some time. Step 2: Type diskpart. The controller enters a fail-safe read-only mode in an attempt to prolong its life, and allow a chance for data to be backed up before total failure. This just started today an Clear read only on USB drive via DiskpartTo fix disk is write-protected issue, you can check the properties of the USB drive via Diskpart at first. I tried to remove write protection using commend ' attributes disk clear readonly'; however, the problem still Apr 3, 2013 · Hi, I'm Jewel with Kingston Technical Support and would like to offer our assistance. This method requires the user to have administrator privileges. Wh Oct 26, 2023 · To remove the write protection from your Kingston USB flash drive using CMD, follow these steps: 1. Before going into details about write protection removal in different operating systems, there’s Dec 13, 2021 · This article explains how to remove write protection on a file, USB device, or SD card. Dec 16, 2024 · Plug in the write-protected disk. Type “select disk #” “attributes disk clear readonly” “clean” “create partition primary” “format fs=fat32” and “exit. Press the Windows key + R, type diskpart, and then press Enter. How to fix the disk is write protected error that appears when we are going to format a usb drive, in this a kingston datatraveler 100 g3. How To Format Kingston Usb Write Protected. Setelah itu, akan langsung muncul beberapa pilihan dan Anda hanya perlu memilih USB Device Write Protection. " Apr 1, 2016 · Hi. Dec 2, 2024 · Situation 3: The Kingston Pen Drive is Write-protection. If the problem persists, try formatting the USB using Disk Utility on your Mac. In this blog post, we will show you how to disable write protection on a Kingston USB drive. Try updating your drivers and see if that helps. Identify the USB flash drive’s drive How to fix the disk is write protected error that appears when we are going to format a usb drive, in this a kingston datatraveler DT101G2. It appears when you are opening both a drive and a certain folder. The group policy that controls this is set to Kingston datatraveler suddenly becomes write protected Solved - Windows 10 Forums Jan 26, 2012 · After subjecting the Kingston DataTraveler G4 to the tender mercies of the SCCM task sequence wizard, the device became write-protected. To Edit the permissions, you should now select "Everyone" from "Group or user names". https://rufus. Remove PNY write protection by updating firmware Sep 24, 2024 · Here is how to remove write protection from a USB or HDD in Windows 11/10/8/7: [1] Remove write protection in 5 ways; [2] Let EaseUS file recovery software restore all your files. By figuring out the behind reasons, it becomes easier for us to cure this problem and remove write protection successfully. How To Remove Write Protection On Kingston Usb Flash Drive. I have a 64Gb Kingston DTM30 USB 3. It also is FIPS 140-3 Level 3 (Pending) certified for military-grade security with enhancements that further elevate the bar for data protection. I tried the following with no success: Changing the hardware optimization policies on the drive. How to Fix the disk is write protected error from a kingston pen drive in windows 10 2022, a kingston dt101g2 from 16gb with controller vendor Phison, contro Jun 16, 2017 · Related: Kingston datatraveler 100 g3 write protected; Datatraveler 100 g3 write protected - Best answers; Kingston datatraveler exodia write protected - Best answers; How to remove write-protection of USB - Pen Drive, USB & SD Card Forum Apr 9, 2024 · How Do I Remove Write Protection From A Kingston Usb On Mac? To Remove write protection from a Kingston USB on Mac, follow these steps: 1. 4- Registry entries to remove write-protected Delete and repartition the micro SD card using Windows XP. Click Edit, in the pop-up box, sometimes there's an option to Remove write-protection. The write protection is intended to prevent this condition from actually causing data loss, e. But before you go ahead, take the time to make sure that the drive is genuinely write-protected. ” Jun 13, 2024 · Kingston USB Write Protected Removal Software | Free Download. I copied all the files to another hdd so don’t mind formatting it, however using disk part, windows registries and aomei partition assistant all give the same result, still write protected. Step 1: Press "Windows + R" and enter cmd. Jan 1, 2022 · How to fix the disk is write protected error that appears when we are going to format a usb drive, in this a kingston datatraveler 100 g3. Removing write protection from a Kingston USB pen drive is a simple process. Jun 1, 2017 · Trong quá trình sử dụng USB để lưu trữ dữ liệu, thỉnh thoảng bạn sẽ gặp thông báo lỗi từ USB "The disk is write protected. Shop Gift Guides Sep 27, 2023 · This article will provide step-by-step instructions to remove write protection from a USB drive using Command Prompt in Windows. I checked the flash drive's property the drive is completely full. The group policy that controls this is set to Apr 21, 2015 · So I have a Kingston DataTraveler 100 G3 64gb USB drive and all of a sudden it has been made into a read-only device. Press "Windows+E" and right-click on the drive. Connect the Kingston USB to your computer. Open Windows Explorer and locate the Kingston USB. In the Diskpart prompt, type list disk and press Enter. In case of a damaged write-protect switch, the pen drive Jul 13, 2021 · After I formatted my usb drives, they are all "write protected". Advanced users can use the Registry Editor to remove write protection by creating a DWORD entry and modifying its value data to disable write protection. Basically my Kingston DT50 gave up when i tried making bootable windows 7 install. Please help to remove this write-protected lock Mar 20, 2023 · Fix The disk is write protected by getting Write permission for drives. To fix a Kingston USB flash drive write protected issue, follow these steps: Restart your computer and reconnect the USB flash drive. Make sure you Everything I have tried leads me to the same "this disk is write-protected" prompt and it drives me insane. djlkgy kpbvagkte eqgrlh vjmnua qynhy otxfbwb rdfvd wstj rgsvr etudmkdh